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A natural swimming pool or natural swimming pond (NSP) is a system consisting of a constructed body of water, where the water is contained by an isolating membrane or membranes, in which no chemicals or devices that disinfect or sterilize water are used, and all clarifying and purifying of the water is achieved through biological filters and plants rooted hydroponically in the system. This definition is based on the FLL (Forschungsgesellschaft Landschaftsentwicklung Landschaftsbau e.V - the Landscaping and Landscape Development Research Society) publication "Recommendations for the planning, construction and maintenance of private swimming and natural pools" 2006 Edition.〔(Forschungsgesellschaft Landschaftsentwicklung Landschaftsbau home page ), accessed May 22, 2009.〕 It is called a "natural swimming pool" because the filtration systems used have biological equivalents in the natural world. In fact if there is not an example of the type of filtration being used in the natural world then it is not seen by the IOB (International Organization for natural Bathing waters)〔http://www.iob-ev.eu/〕 to be naturally filtered. Natural aquarium and koi ponds also exist, but use algae scrubbers for their filtration. Systems that use UV, ozone and copper/silver ion disinfection techniques are examples of non natural methods and, by definition, are not Natural Swimming Pools. ==History== The first NSPs were built in the early 1980s in Austria, where they are known as Schwimmteiche. The first was built by DI Werner Gamerith in his private garden.〔''Natural Swimming Pools '', by Michael Littlewood, Schiffer Publishing, 2005, Page 16〕 Some of the first companies to use the idea of NSPs commercially were the Austrian firm, Biotop Landschaftsgestaltung, and the German firm, BioNova. In 1990 the first public NSP was built by BioNova, followed by another one in 1991 built by Biotop in Unzmarkt (Styria, Austria) The market for NSPs spread into Germany in the late 1980s. In 1998, the first public NSP in Germany was designed and built by Gerhard Brandlmeier and Rainer Grafinger of BioNova.〔''Natural Swimming Pools '', by Michael Littlewood, Schiffer Publishing, 2005, Page 18〕 The residential market for NSPs spread throughout Europe into Switzerland, the United Kingdom, France, Italy, Spain, Belgium, Holland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic. In November 2005, British landscape designer Michael Littlewood wrote the first major English-language book on Natural Swimming Pools. The American market was introduced to natural swimming pools when ''The New York Times'' published an article Today, there are over 20,000 NSPs in Europe,〔''Natural Swimming Pools'', by Michael Littlewood, Schiffer Publishing, 2005, Page 19〕 100 of which are actually public pools in Germany. Bad Maria Einsiedel, designed by BioNova, marked the 100th public swimming pool and was opened to the public in Munich on June 7, 2008. In the Summer of 2010 the first public natural pool in Sweden was built by BioNova in the city of Sigtuna. In July 2011 the first Indoor Natural Swimming Pool was built by Clear Water Revival 〔(Clear Water Revival - Indoor Natural Swimming Pool Information )〕 in Cornwall, UK. The first public Natural Swimming Pool in North America is currently under construction at Webber Park in Minneapolis.〔(Minneapolis Park & Recreation Board - Webber Park Master Plan )〕 In cooperation with the Landform Group, BioNova has provided all of the technical planning and construction details for this natural pool project. The pool will include over 20,000 square feet of swimming area along with 16,000 square feet of planted regeneration zone, and it has been designed to accommodate over 1,000 bathers per day. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Natural pool」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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